Courtesy of Cambridge University Library. Likened to artisanal processes such as baking and brewing, researchers say it shaped cultural and religious doctrine right up to the 19 th century. From the s, new science promoted a fresh concept: reproduction.
Published by Cambridge University Press, Reproduction: Antiquity to the Present Day is the first major synthesis of decades of scholarship comprising millennia of human attempts to make and not make more of ourselves, other animals and plants. Led by three University of Cambridge academics, and pooling the expertise of historians from across Cambridge and around the world, the book is the culmination of a five-year project funded by the Wellcome Trust.
To provide a long-term perspective, we wanted to look deep into the history of reproductive practices and beliefs. Roughly life-size terracotta figure of a swaddled infant, similar to those found in Italy between the second and fourth centuries BC. These 'votives' were offered to secure divine aid for family success and well-being of new citizens of communities across Hellenistic central Italy. Courtesy of Wellcome images. Cures for infertility and instructions for safe birthing were prominent.
As different areas of the Mediterranean world converged, so too did ideas of generation. This would hold through the religious and political changes of the next centuries. Societies were still highly patriarchal, however. Scientific inquiry was applied to distant lands and microscopic structures, and women and artisans joined in debates. Woodcut of a copulating couple as emblem of the alchemical conjunction of gold and silver. Lineage, paramount to social order, was threatened by women having children outside marriage, although men were free to do so — with theories of family resemblance invoked in cases of disputed paternity.
While unwed women feared pregnancy, Kassell says that moral and medical advisors continued to be more interested in promoting rather than limiting fertility. A table setting out planetary motions day-by-day for five decades, show December In marginal notes keyed to particular dates, he recorded a conversation with Queen Elizabeth, a trip to Chelsea for a disputation with a bishop, and when his wife Jane menstruated.
Courtesy of the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. Human sex reversal is caused by duplication or deletion of core enhancers upstream of SOX9. Nature Communications , ; 9 1 DOI: ScienceDaily, 15 December University of Melbourne. Geneticists make new discovery about how a baby's sex is determined.
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