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The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. But when Mars lost its atmosphere, the volcanoes on the planet pushed up the iron from below and blew it out onto the surface. So how did Mars end up with all this Iron Oxide floating around? Iron alone is not red, to become iron oxide it needs to react with a good amount of oxygen.
As we know, Mars has only a tiny percentage of oxygen in its atmosphere, 0. A planet with very little oxygen producing huge amounts of an element requiring oxygen is not so easy to explain. The one thing it does tell us is that at some point in history, there was a lot more oxygen on Mars.
Currently all of the water on Mars is in the form of ice. This can be seen on the surface of the north polar ice cap. Instead, crumbling quartz crystals — the kind found in the Martian regolith — leaves oxygen-rich surfaces exposed. This could easily have happened during Martian dust storms, which are so intense that the dust they kick up can be seen with telescopes on Earth. Sunlight can also break down carbon dioxide and other molecules from the atmosphere, producing oxidants like hydrogen peroxide and ozone.
Join the ZME newsletter for amazing science news, features, and exclusive scoops. More than 40, subscribers can't be wrong. However, the entire planet is not red. Some regions look bright red, while others will appear black because not everything is covered in iron oxide dust. However, scientists believe that, while some of the dust blows out into space, more dust is being made. And as more is made, the dust storms continue to blow it across the planet, keeping its red color!
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